Supreme Court Sets Aside Dismissal Of Judicial Employee, Reinstates With Back Wages -- Disciplinary Proceedings Found Vitiated Due To Procedural Irregularities And Disproportionate Punishment For Five Days Absence

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Case Note & Summary

The Supreme Court allowed the civil appeal filed by Appellant against the judgment of the High Court for the State of Telangana which had dismissed his writ petition challenging his dismissal from service -- The appellant, an attender in the judicial department, was dismissed from service based on charges of unauthorized absence from 03.08.2017 to 07.08.2017 and submission of a fabricated medical certificate -- The Supreme Court found multiple procedural irregularities in the disciplinary proceedings including denial of legal representation, improper conduct of enquiry, and disproportionate punishment -- The Court held that the punishment of dismissal for five days of absence was shockingly disproportionate and violated principles of natural justice -- The Court directed reinstatement with all consequential benefits including full back wages and continuity of service -- The judgment emphasizes the importance of fair procedure in disciplinary matters and the court's power to interfere when administrative action is arbitrary or unreasonable

Headnote

The Supreme Court allowed the appeal and set aside the judgment of the High Court dated 12.02.2024 in Writ Petition No.40486 of 2022 -- The Court held that the disciplinary proceedings were vitiated due to procedural irregularities and violation of principles of natural justice -- The appellant was directed to be reinstated in service with all consequential benefits including back wages and continuity of service -- The Court emphasized that the punishment of dismissal was disproportionate to the alleged misconduct of unauthorized absence for five days -- The Court noted that the enquiry proceedings suffered from serious defects including denial of legal representation, non-consideration of medical evidence, and improper framing of charges -- The Court applied the principle that in disciplinary matters, the authority must act fairly and in accordance with established procedures

Issue of Consideration: The Issue of consideration was whether the disciplinary proceedings against the appellant were conducted in accordance with law and whether the punishment of dismissal was proportionate to the alleged misconduct

Final Decision

The Supreme Court allowed the appeal, set aside the judgment of the High Court and the dismissal order -- Directed reinstatement of the appellant with all consequential benefits including full back wages and continuity of service

2026 LawText (SC) (02) 30

Civil Appeal No. 1560 of 2026 (@ Special Leave Petition (C) No.11965 of 2024)

2026-02-11

K.V. Viswanathan J. , Vipul M. Pancholi J.

2026 INSC 142

Mr. Pratap Narayan Sanghi, learned Senior Advocate for the appellant and Ms. Sindoora VNL learned counsel for the respondent

K. Rajaiah

The High Court for the State Of Telangana

Nature of Litigation: Civil appeal challenging dismissal from service

Remedy Sought

Appellant seeking quashing of dismissal order and reinstatement with benefits

Filing Reason

Appellant dismissed from service for alleged unauthorized absence and submission of fabricated medical certificate

Previous Decisions

High Court dismissed writ petition challenging dismissal order, Principal District & Sessions Judge upheld dismissal after disciplinary proceedings

Issues

Whether the disciplinary proceedings were conducted in accordance with principles of natural justice Whether the punishment of dismissal was proportionate to the alleged misconduct

Submissions/Arguments

Appellant contended that he was genuinely ill and had informed the office about his absence Appellant argued that the medical certificate was genuine and the enquiry proceedings were vitiated Respondent maintained that the appellant was unauthorizedly absent and submitted fabricated medical certificate

Ratio Decidendi

Disciplinary proceedings must comply with principles of natural justice and established procedures -- Punishment must be proportionate to the misconduct alleged -- Courts can interfere with administrative action when it is arbitrary, unreasonable or violates fundamental principles of justice

Judgment Excerpts

Leave granted The present appeal calls in question the correctness of the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court The appellant was recruited as an attender in the Court of Additional Senior Civil Judge, Karimnagar on 09.11.1998

Procedural History

Appellant dismissed from service after disciplinary proceedings -- Filed writ petition before High Court which was dismissed on 12.02.2024 -- Filed special leave petition before Supreme Court which was converted to civil appeal

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