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Supreme Court Dismisses Assessee's Appeal in Income-tax Dispute over Customs Penalty Deduction. Penalty Paid for Breach of Import Prohibition Under Sea Customs Act, 1878 Held Not Allowable as Business Expenditure Under Section 10(2)(xv) of Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 Because Payment Was for Infraction of Law, Not for Earning Profits....

The dispute arose from income tax assessment for the year 1949-50 concerning a firm engaged in importing dates from abroad and selling them in India. During the accounting year ended July 25, 1948, th...

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Supreme Court Upholds Conviction of Accused in Food Adulteration Case Under Calcutta Municipal Act, 1951. Presumption That Mustard Oil Was Stored for Sale Not Rebutted as Arrangement Was a Device to Make Detection Difficult....

The case arose from a criminal prosecution under Section 462 of the Calcutta Municipal Act, 1951 for selling and keeping for sale adulterated mustard oil. Appellant No. 1, a company, sent a consignmen...

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Supreme Court Dismisses Assessee's Appeal in Income Tax Act, 1922 Matter — Agricultural Income Exemption Denied Due to Redemption of Land Revenue. Lump Sum Payment Extinguishing Land Revenue Assessment Means Land Not Assessed to Land Revenue Under Section 2(1)(a) of Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, So Income from Land Leased for Cultivation Not Agricultural Income....

The litigation arose from an income-tax reference concerning the taxability of income derived from land known as the 'Square Mile' in Calcutta. The assessee, Srish Chandra Sen, who died during the app...

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Supreme Court Upholds Butchers' Challenge to Cattle Slaughter Age Restrictions in Three States by Striking Down Unreasonable Provisions. The Court Held That Prohibiting Slaughter of Bulls, Bullocks and She-Buffaloes Below 20 or 25 Years and Requiring Fitness Certificates Violated Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution....

The case involved three writ petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution before the Supreme Court challenging state legislation regulating cattle slaughter. The petitioners were butchers and trader...

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Supreme Court Upholds Revenue in Income Tax Case Concerning Distribution of Share Rights as Dividend. Transfer of valuable right to acquire shares at half market value to shareholders constituted dividend under Section 2(6A) of Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, taxable as income....

The appeal concerned seven shareholders of Navjivan Mills Ltd., a public limited company. They challenged the reassessment of their income by the Income Tax Officer under Section 34(1)(a) of the India...

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Supreme Court Upholds Employer in Industrial Dispute Over Interim Reinstatement Order. Tribunal's Interim Order Granting Full Wages and Reinstatement in Section 33-A Complaint Held Erroneous as It Amounted to Granting Final Relief Without Deciding Legality of Dismissal Under Section 33 of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947....

The appeal by certificate of the Punjab High Court arose from an industrial dispute between Delhi Cloth and General Mills Co. Ltd. (appellant-mills) and its workman Sharda Singh (respondent). The disp...

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Supreme Court Upholds Employer's Dismissal Approval in Industrial Dispute Over Theft of Cycle Under Section 33(2) of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Employer Not Obligated to Await Criminal Trial Outcome Before Disciplinary Action; Tribunal Erred in Refusing Approval Despite Fair Domestic Enquiry and Employee's Non-Participation....

The Delhi Cloth and General Mills Ltd., a textile manufacturing company, employed Kushal Bhan as a peon. On August 24, 1957, the cycle of Ram Chandra, Head Clerk of the Folding Department, was stolen....

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Supreme Court Upholds Conviction of Loco Foreman in Prevention of Corruption Act Case: Section 4 Presumption Does Not Violate Article 14. The Court holds that acceptance of bribe by public servant triggers statutory presumption and classification of public servants under the Act is based on intelligible differentia with rational nexus to eradicating corruption....

The appellant, a Loco Foreman in the railways, faced prosecution for accepting a sum of Rs. 375 from a railway contractor. The prosecution alleged that the money was paid as a bribe in connection with...

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Supreme Court Upholds Conviction in U.P. Shop and Commercial Establishment Act Case Despite Factories Act Argument. Field Workers of Sugar Mill Not Employed in Factory, Thus Covered by Commercial Establishment Definition Under U.P. Act XXII of 1947....

The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal by special leave against the acquittal of three respondents—the General Manager, Assistant Manager, and Secretary of Laxmi Devi Sugar Mills Ltd.—by the A...