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Supreme Court Quashes High Court's CBI Investigation Direction in Bail Application Due to Jurisdictional Overreach. High Court Exceeded Limits Under Section 439 CrPC by Issuing CBI Directions After Granting Bail, Without Exceptional Circumstances Required Under Article 226.

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against directions issued by a learned Single Judge of the High Court in a bail application. The High Court had di...

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Supreme Court Set Aside High Court’s Conviction Order – Mere Presence at the Scene of Crime Not Sufficient to Prove Unlawful Assembly. High Court erred in reversing the acquittal – No cogent evidence to establish participation in rioting – Conviction unsustainable in law

Unlawful Assembly Requires Participation – Mere presence in a riot-affected area does not automatically make a person part of the unlawful assembly ...

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Supreme Court Modified Conviction from Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part I IPC Due to Lack of Premeditation. Sudden Fight Over Agricultural Land Dispute—No Premeditation—Conviction Altered to Culpable Homicide Not Amounting to Murder

A sudden fight without premeditation, even if leading to death, does not constitute murder under Section 302 IPC but falls under Section 304 IPC. Test...

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Supreme Court Upholds Acquittal in TADA Case Due to Procedural Lapses in Recording Confessional Statements. Confessions Under TADA Act Deemed Inadmissible Due to Non-Compliance with Safeguards

Procedural Safeguards under TADA Act: The Court emphasized that confessions recorded under Section 15 of the TADA Act must strictly comply with the p...

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Supreme Court Clarifies Rules on Advocate Appearances and Vakalatnama Compliance in Court Proceedings. Supreme Court Bars Unauthorized Advocate Appearances, Reinforces Accountability in Legal Practice

The Supreme Court, in its judgment dated 20.09.2024, had directed that only authorized advocates could mark their appearances in court, and the Advoca...

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Public Interest Litigation – Suppression of Material Facts – Criminal Contempt – Maintainability of PIL. High Court dismissed the PIL on grounds of suppression of facts, lack of bona fides, and scandalizing the court. Criminal contempt was noted but no proceedings were initiated.

Litigants filing PIL must disclose all material facts and approach the court with clean hands. Scandalizing the court through social media can constit...

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Supreme Court Dismissed Appeal Seeking Preliminary Inquiry Before FIR Registration. Preliminary Inquiry Not Mandatory for Cognizable Offences — Successive FIRs Do Not Automatically Amount to Harassment — Legal Safeguards Available Against Malicious Prosecution

Registration of FIR is a statutory duty when a cognizable offence is disclosed. The absence of a preliminary inquiry does not vitiate FIRs unless prov...

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Bombay High Court dismissed writ petitios challenging notices under Section 153C of the Income-Tax Act, 1961, ruling that disputed questions of fact regarding incriminating material, limitation, and jurisdiction should be agitated before appellate authorities.

Income-Tax Act, 1961 – Section 153C – Limitation, Jurisdiction & Incriminating Material – Writ Petition Not Maintainable The writ petition ...

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Conviction under Section 376 and Section 323 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Affirmed by the Supreme Court – Delay in FIR not fatal – Sole testimony of prosecutrix trustworthy.

Sole testimony of the prosecutrix, if trustworthy, is sufficient for conviction. (Para 10) Absence of injuries does not automatically negate rape alle...

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Supreme Court Partially Allowed Appeal — Clarified Sentencing Provisions Under IPC and POCSO Act — Restored Trial Court's Judgment Regarding Life Imprisonment and Fine

Conviction Under Sections 376(2)(f) and 376(2)(i) of Indian Penal Code, 1860 — Sections 3 and 4 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, ...