High Court Removes Executor in Testamentary Dispute Under Indian Succession Act, 1925 -- Over Estate Administration Breach

Sub Category: Bombay High Court Bench: BOMBAY
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Case Note & Summary

The judgment involves a dispute over the administration of the estate of late Rajnikant Ambalal Kilachand, where the Respondent, under a Will dated 27 March 1997 -- The Applicant a beneficiary and legal heir, filed an application under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, seeking removal of the Respondent due to gross misconduct and failure to administer the estate -- The Court reviewed the procedural history, including previous applications and orders, and found that the Respondent had consistently delayed estate distribution despite court directives -- In its decision, the Court removed the Respondent as Executor and appointed the Applicant in his place, citing breach of fiduciary duty and non-compliance with testamentary intent -- The judgment underscores the Executor's legal obligations and the court's authority to intervene in cases of mismanagement

Headnote

The High Court of Judicature at Bombay, in its Testamentary and Intestate Jurisdiction, adjudicated an Interim Applications -- The Applicant, sought removal of the Respondent, as Executor under the Will of late Rajnikant Ambalal Kilachand -- The Court held that an Executor acts as a fiduciary and must administer the estate promptly, with any undue delay constituting a breach of duty under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 (Succession Act) -- The Respondent had failed to comply with previous court orders and timelines for estate distribution, leading to his removal and replacement with the Applicant -- The decision emphasized the Executor's obligation to fulfill the Testator's intent without personal discretion

Issue of Consideration: The Issue of removal of an Executor for failure to administer the estate under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925

Final Decision

The Court allowed the Interim Application, removed the Respondent as Executor, and appointed the Applicant as the new Executor to administer the estate

2026 LawText (BOM) (02) 87

Interim Application (L) No. 12739 of 2025 in Interim Application (L) No. 20213 of 2021 in Notice of Motion No. 306 of 2017 in Testamentary Petition No. 116 of 1999

2026-02-18

Farhan P. Dubash, J.

2026:BHC-OS:4648

Mr. Shanay Shah a/w Mr. Hamza Lakhani and Mr. Rahul Jain for the Applicant, Mr. Siddhesh Bhole a/w Mr. Apoorva Kulkarni i/b SSB Legal and Advisory for the Respondent

Amrish Rajnikant Kilachand

Harsh Rajnikant Kilachand

Nature of Litigation: Testamentary dispute over administration of an estate under a Will

Remedy Sought

The Applicant sought removal of the Respondent as Executor and his replacement under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925

Filing Reason

Alleged gross misconduct and failure by the Respondent to administer the estate of the Testator, leading to deprivation of legacy for beneficiaries

Previous Decisions

Probate granted to Respondent on 27 October 2016 -- Notice of Motion No. 306 of 2017 filed by Ramila for expedited distribution -- Interim order dated 18 September 2019 directing status updates and dividend transfers -- Interim Application (L) No. 20213 of 2021 filed for administration completion or replacement -- Order dated 29 January 2025 giving Respondent opportunity to administer estate within timelines

Issues

Whether the Respondent should be removed as Executor under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 for breach of fiduciary duty and failure to administer the estate

Submissions/Arguments

The Applicant argued that the Respondent failed to administer the estate promptly, defying court orders and testamentary intent -- The Respondent's inaction constituted gross misconduct warranting removal

Ratio Decidendi

An Executor holds a fiduciary position and must administer the estate in accordance with the Testator's will without undue delay -- Failure to do so breaches the duty under Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, justifying removal and replacement by the court

Judgment Excerpts

An Executor is the living instrument of the deceased Testator’s final Will and stands in a fiduciary capacity, being entrusted with the sacred duty of ensuring that the voice of the Testator, though silenced by death, is carried into effect fully and in a timely manner -- Section 301 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 (Succession Act) empowers the High Court, on an application made to it, to remove and replace an Executor

Procedural History

Testator died on 6 August 1997 with a Will dated 27 March 1997 naming Respondent as Executor -- Testamentary Petition No. 116 of 1999 filed by Respondent for probate, granted on 27 October 2016 -- Notice of Motion No. 306 of 2017 filed by Ramila for expedited distribution -- Interim Application (L) No. 20213 of 2021 filed for administration completion or replacement -- Ramila died on 18 February 2024 -- Applicant filed Interim Application (L) No. 13442 of 2024 to amend proceedings, allowed on 10 June 2024 -- Order dated 29 January 2025 gave Respondent timelines to administer estate -- Present Interim Application (L) No. 12739 of 2025 filed for removal, decided on 18 February 2026

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