Supreme Court Grants Bail to Appellant in NDPS Act Case Citing Prolonged Incarceration and Parity with Co-Accused. Trial Courts Directed to Ensure Legal Representation Rights

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Case Note & Summary

The Supreme Court granted bail to Appellant, who was accused under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) for possession of commercial quantity of contraband. The Court considered her prolonged incarceration of over 4 years and the fact that a similarly situated co-accused had already been granted bail. While granting bail with stringent conditions including surrender of passport, the Court emphasized the duty of trial courts to ensure accused persons are informed of their right to legal representation, particularly through legal aid if they cannot afford counsel. The Court directed that this procedure must be scrupulously followed and recorded in court orders, and communicated this directive to all High Courts for implementation.

Headnote

The Supreme Court allowed the criminal appeal and granted bail to the appellant  -- The Court considered the appellant's incarceration of 4 years 1 month and 28 days -- The Court applied the parity principle as an identically situated co-accused had been granted bail -- The Court directed trial courts to inform accused persons of their right to legal representation -- The Court mandated recording of legal aid offers in court orders -- The Court clarified no observations were made on the merits of the case

Issue of Consideration: The Issue of consideration was whether the appellant should be granted bail in a case involving commercial quantity of contraband under the NDPS Act, considering her prolonged incarceration and the grant of bail to a similarly situated co-accused

Final Decision

The appeal was allowed, setting aside the impugned High Court order dated 24.07.2025. The appellant was directed to be released on bail with stringent terms and conditions to be fixed by the trial court, including surrender of passport. The trial court was directed to conclude the trial at the earliest.

2026 LawText (SC) (02) 15

Criminal Appeal No. of 2026 (arising out of SLP(Crl.) No. 18886/2025)

2026-02-05

SANJAY KUMAR J. , K. VINOD CHANDRAN J.

2026 INSC 127

Reginamary Chellamani

State represented by Superintendent of Customs

Nature of Litigation: Criminal appeal against denial of regular bail by the High Court in a case involving narcotics offences

Remedy Sought

Appellant seeking bail in a case involving commercial quantity of contraband under the NDPS Act

Filing Reason

Appellant aggrieved by High Court's denial of bail despite prolonged incarceration and grant of bail to similarly situated co-accused

Previous Decisions

High Court denied bail vide order dated 24.07.2025 in Crl.O.P. No. 7857/2025; Supreme Court had granted bail to identically situated co-accused

Issues

Whether the appellant should be granted bail considering the commercial quantity of contraband involved under the NDPS Act Whether prolonged incarceration and parity with co-accused warrant grant of bail Whether trial courts are properly discharging their duty to inform accused of legal representation rights

Submissions/Arguments

Appellant had been in custody for 4 years 1 month and 28 days Identically situated co-accused travelling on same flight had been granted bail by Supreme Court Appellant did not cross-examine witnesses initially due to lack of legal representation

Ratio Decidendi

Prolonged incarceration can be a relevant factor in granting bail even in serious offences under the NDPS Act -- The parity principle applies when similarly situated co-accused have been granted bail -- Trial courts have an affirmative duty to inform accused persons of their right to legal representation and legal aid, and must record such offers and responses in court orders

Judgment Excerpts

Given the length of incarceration that the appellant has already suffered and as an identically situated accused person, who was travelling along with the appellant, Reginamary Chellamani, on the same flight, has been granted bail by this Court, we are inclined to grant the same relief to the appellant at this stage It is incumbent upon the trial Courts dealing with criminal proceedings, faced with such situations, to inform the accused of their right to legal representation and their entitlement to be represented by legal aid counsel in the event they cannot afford a counsel The trial Courts shall record the offer made to the accused in this regard, the response of the accused to such offer and also the action taken thereupon in their orders, before commencing examination of the witnesses

Procedural History

Case registered as R.R. No. 41/2021 (C.C. No. 225/2022) before Principal Special Judge under EC and NDPS Act Cases, Chennai -- High Court denied bail on 24.07.2025 in Crl.O.P. No. 7857/2025 -- Supreme Court granted leave and heard appeal arising from SLP(Crl.) No. 18886/2025

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